text:
London Bridge (film)
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London Bridge
Directed by
Anil C. Menon
Produced by
Satish B Satish
Antony Binoy
Written by
Jinu Abraham
Starring
Prithviraj Sukumaran
Andrea Jeremiah
Nanditha Raj
Pratap Pothen
Mukesh
Music by
Songs:
Rahul Raj
Sreevalsan J Menon
Background Score:
Gopi Sundar
(Opening Theme music by Rahul Raj)
Cinematography
Jithu Damodar
Edited by
Praveen Prabhakar
Production
company
Ordinary films
Distributed by
Central Pictures
Release date
1 February 2014 (2014-02-01)
Country
India
Language
Malayalam
London Bridge is a Malayalam film directed by Anil C. Menon starring Prithviraj Sukumaran, Mukesh, Andrea Jeremiah and Nanditha Raj in the lead roles.[1] The film penned by Jinu Abraham was entirely shot in the United Kingdom.[2] Rahul Raj composed three original songs and left the project owing to scheduling conflicts. Thus Carnatic vocalist Dr. Sreevalsan Menon was hired to compose two additional songs and Gopi Sundar was signed in to compose the background score. The film is produced by Antony Binoy and Sathish B under the banner Ordinary Pictures.[3]
The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as Love in London.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
5 Release
6 Reception
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Vijay (Prithviraj) is a business man who always listens to his brain, and Pavitra (Andrea) - the daughter of a famous businessman CS Nambiar (Pratap Pothen) - is a girl who always listens to her heart. Vijay was asked to marry Pavitra by her dad and Pavitra is testing whether Vijay is the right guy for her. Driving his way home from spending a day with Pavitra, Vijay hits Merin (Nanditha), a nurse who has just arrived from India to work in London. Her wrist gets paralysed after the accident. Vijay takes care of her and eventually falls in love with Merin and vice versa. Pavitra's dad and Francis (Mukesh) fixes Vijay and Pavitra's marriage. But when he refuses to marry her, Francis forces him to get married to Pavitra because of her wealth. Merin's job agreement gets terminated because they think that she is physically unfit. Francis tries to help her but he fails. Eventually, Francis forces Vijay to not give her false hopes and gift her a sum of money and let her go back to India. Merin refuses the amount of money gifted and asks him to show her around London before she leaves. Then Merin goes back to India. The next day, her aunt Gracy (Lena) calls Vijay to tell that Merin has not reached her home yet. Gracy's husband Thai Kutty (Sunil), tells them that he will go to India to enquire about Merin but Vijay says that he will go instead because he is the one who is supposed to go. Francis tries to force him to stay, but Vijay says that he really likes Merin and he will go to India, no matter what. Pavitra helps him to go to India by convincing her dad to not stop him and personally dropping him at the airport. Vijay reaches India. While in a taxi, Francis calls Vijay and directs him to go to Merin's home. Vijay reaches Merin's home to find her house being seized to debt. He finds out that Merin has reached home safely. The movie ends by Vijay revealing to Pavitra that Merin had reached home safely, but lied to make Vijay realize his love for her.
Cast[edit]
Prithviraj Sukumaran as Vijay Kannedathu Das
Andrea Jeremiah as Pavithra
Nanditha Raj as Merin Elsa John
Pratap Pothen as C. S. Nambiar
Mukesh as Francis
Sunil Sukhada as Thampikuttichayan
Lena Abhilash as Gracy
Amritha Anil as Maalu (Merin's sister)
Prem Prakash as John Daniel
Devi Krupa as Swathi
Production[edit]
London Bridge was started in August 2013 in Central London. The film almost covers all parts of London in its shots.The film was earlier planned to release during Onam Festival but since it was not completed yet, the release was postponed to 1 February 2014.
Music[edit]
London Bridge (film)
Soundtrack album London Bridge (film) by Rahul Raj
Released
2014
Genre
Film soundtrack
Language
Malayalam
Label
Satyam Audios
Producer
Satish B Satish, Antony Binoy
Rahul Raj chronology
D Company
(2013)D Company2013 London Bridge
(2014) Mannar Mathai Speaking 2
(2014)Mannar Mathai Speaking 22014
Rahul Raj was signed in as the composer of the film.[4] But after composing the main theme music and two songs, he left the project owing to time constraints and other commitments. Carnatic vocalist Dr. Sreevalsan Menon was hired to compose two additional songs. Rahul Raj was set to return to the project to compose the background score of the movie; but scheduling conflicts with his Telugu film Paathshala forced him to opt out completely. However the main theme music composed by Rahul Raj was retained and used as the opening titles theme.
Track Name
Singers
Description
"London Bridge Theme" Gitamba (Netherlands) Composed by Rahul Raj
"Kannaadi Vaathil" Haricharan Composed by Rahul Raj
"Chinni Chinni" Yazin Nizar Composed by Rahul Raj
"Ennum Ninne" Shaan Composed by Sreevalsan Menon
"Venmegham" Amal Antony, Rachana Sinto, Deepu Nair Composed by Sreevalsan Menon
Release[edit]
The film was released on 1 February 2014 at 72 theaters across Kerala and the distribution was done by Central Pictures.
Reception[edit]
Critical Response
London Bridge has received mixed reviews from critics,[5][6] The Malayalam website Muyal Media has rated 3.2/5 stars for London Bridge and mentioned that "London Bridge, a triangular love story happening in London has got a kind of freshness in its visuals but lacks the same in the narrative."[7] The Telugu version was released on 31 October. The film got highly positive reports from the Telugu audience.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/92466.html
Jump up ^ http://www.ukmalayalee.com/movie-news/news.php?id=MTMwOQ==
Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/on-location-london-bridge-link-to-love/article5425294.ece
Jump up ^ http://www.filmelon.com/movies/london-bridge
Jump up ^ "Movie Review: London Bridge" OneIndia. 1 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014. A Watchable Romantic Drama
Jump up ^ [1]MuyalMedia.1 February 2014.'A breezy romantic tale'
Jump up ^ http://muyals.com/london-bridge-a-breezy-romantic-tale/
External links[edit]
London Bridge on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Bridge_(film)&oldid=789717509"
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Peter Barlow (Coronation Street)
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Jump to navigation Jump to search
Peter Barlow
Chris Gascoyne as Peter Barlow (2015)
Coronation Street character
Portrayed by
John Heannau (1965–1970)
Chris Dormer (1970–1971)
Mark Duncan (1971)
Linus Roache (1973–1975)
Joseph McKenner (1977–1978)
David Lonsdale (1986)
Chris Gascoyne (2000–)
Duration
1965–1971, 1973–1975, 1977–1978, 1986, 2000–2003, 2007–
First appearance
Episode 450
5 April 1965
Introduced by
H. V. Kershaw (1965)
Eric Prytherch (1973–1974)
Susi Hush (1975)
Bill Podmore (1977–1978)
Jane MacNaught (2000)
Steve Frost (2007)
Kim Crowther (2008)
Stuart Blackburn (2015)
Kate Oates (2016)
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Occupation
Sailor
Businessman
Bookmaker
Barman
Taxi driver
Pub landlord
Home
1 Coronation Street
showFamily
Father
Ken Barlow
Mother
Valerie Barlow
Stepmother
Deirdre Barlow (2005–2015)
Sisters
Susan Barlow
Half-brothers
Lawrence Cunningham
Daniel Osbourne
Half-sisters
Tracy Barlow (adoptive)
Wife
Jessica Midgeley (1990–2000)
Lucy Richards (2003–2007)
Shelley Unwin (2003; void)
Leanne Battersby (2010–2012)
Carla Connor (2013–2014)
Sons
Simon Barlow
Grandfathers
Frank Barlow
Alfred Tatlock
Grandmothers
Ida Barlow
Edith Tatlock
Uncles
David Barlow
Aunts
Joyce Tatlock
Nephews
James Cunningham
Adam Barlow
Nieces
Amy Barlow (adoptive)
First cousins
Darren Barlow
Other relatives
Albert Tatlock
Beattie Pearson
Ada Broadbent
Nancy Leathers
Peter Barlow is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Coronation Street, played by Chris Gascoyne since 2000. The character of Peter was born on screen during an episode broadcast on 5 April 1965, he was born along with his twin sister Susan (Katie Heannau, Wendy Jane Walker, Suzy Patterson, Joanna Foster) to parents Ken (William Roache) and Valerie Barlow (Anne Reid).[1] Gascoyne made his first appearance in the role during the 40th anniversary live episode airing on 8 December 2000. Gascoyne left the role in 2003 and returned in 2007 for a brief stint before returning full-time in 2008. In January 2014 it was confirmed that Gascoyne would be leaving once again. His final scenes aired on 14 November 2014.[2] In April 2015, it was announced that Gascoyne would reprise the role for two episodes for the funeral of Deirdre Barlow (Anne Kirkbride)[3] and Peter returned on 15 July 2015 and left once again on 16 July 2015. In July 2016, it was announced that Peter would be returning as a regular character and he returned on 17 October 2016.
Peter's storylines have included a number of affairs, alcoholism and a custody battle involving his son Simon Barlow (Alex Bain). Peter became involved in a bigamy storyline when he married Rovers barmaid Shelley Unwin (Sally Lindsay) and florist Lucy Richards (Katy Carmichael). Having been discovered, Peter was left alone and fled Weatherfield. He returned briefly in 2007 when his stepsister Tracy Barlow (Kate Ford) was sent to life imprisonment for the murder of Charlie Stubbs (Bill Ward). He returned full-time in 2008 with Simon whom he had by Lucy who had died from cancer. Peter began a relationship with Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson) and they married during the 50th anniversary episode; however, they separated after Peter's affair with Carla Connor (Alison King) was discovered. Peter later went on to marry Carla, and then had an affair with Tina McIntyre (Michelle Keegan). Peter was framed for Tina's murder by Rob Donovan (Marc Baylis) and upon his release from prison, his marriage to Carla broke down and he left. When he returned in 2016, it was revealed he was having an affair with Toyah Battersby (Georgia Taylor).
Contents
1 Storylines
1.1 1965–1986
1.2 2000–2003
1.3 2007–
2 Creation
2.1 Casting
2.2 Characterisation
3 Development
3.1 Leanne Battersby
3.2 Alcoholism
3.3 Carla Connor
3.4 Tina McIntyre
3.5 Departure (2014)
3.6 Reintroduction (2016)
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Storylines[edit]
1965–1986[edit]
Peter and his twin sister Susan were born to Ken (William Roache) and Valerie Barlow (Anne Reid). Ken and Val planned to emigrate to Jamaica with the twins as Ken had been offered a teaching post there. While Val was getting ready for a leaving party in the Rovers Return Inn for them, she was electrocuted and killed by a faulty hairdryer. Ken then sent the twins to Glasgow to live with Val's parents; he saw them only sporadically as they grew up.
Peter did not attend Ken's wedding to Deirdre Langton (Anne Kirkbride) in 1981 as he had joined the navy after leaving school, but he visited when Susan (Wendy Jane Walker) married Mike Baldwin (Johnny Briggs). As Ken refused to go to the wedding, Peter made an emotional appeal, saying that he and Susan had barely seen their father and that he always assumed Ken would step up if his children needed him and he was able to help. Ken reconsiders and attends the wedding.
2000–2003[edit]
Peter returned in December 2000 after leaving the Navy and the collapse of his marriage to Jessica Midgeley, who left him for another man. He accidentally let it be known that Susan had a teenage son, Adam Barlow (Iain De Caestecker), fathered by Mike. Deirdre told Dev Alahan (Jimmi Harkishin), who then told Mike. Susan (now played by Joanna Foster), who had been visiting at the time, attempted to flee when Mike threatened legal action and she was killed in a car crash. Peter was devastated, blaming himself and Deirdre for Susan's death. He started dating barmaid, Shelley Unwin (Sally Lindsay), but when Peter's old Navy friend, Ciaran McCarthy (Keith Duffy), visited, he made a pass at Shelley, causing a temporary rift between the couple. Peter later met florist, Lucy Richards (Katy Carmichael), while buying flowers for Shelley. He was attracted to her and a brief affair occurred but Peter chose to marry Shelley. Lucy, unknown to Peter, hired his stepsister, Tracy Barlow (Kate Ford), to work for her, covering her maternity leave. Tracy informed Peter that her employer was pregnant and Peter realised that he was the child's father. He offered to marry Lucy while still engaged to Shelley, promising her that his other relationship was over. Lucy gave birth to a son, Simon (Oscar and Jake Hartley). When she discovered that Peter was still seeing Shelley, she threw him out and banned him from seeing Simon. Peter was torn between his son and Shelley, but eventually married her, thus committing bigamy. When both women discover Peter's secret, Shelley threw him out and the two women temporarily took over his betting shop. Lucy told Peter that she and Simon would immigrate to Australia alone, threatening to expose his crime if he contested her decision. Peter resigned himself to the situation and moved back to Portsmouth.
2007–[edit]
Peter returns to Weatherfield after Ken contacts him in regards to Tracy's stormy relationship with her boyfriend, Charlie Stubbs (Bill Ward). Tracy later kills Charlie, supposedly in self-defence, and Peter decides to stay when she is charged with murder. However, once Tracy is convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, Peter returns to Portsmouth.
Lucy dies from ovarian cancer and Peter is given custody of Simon (now played by Alex Bain) who is now five-years-old. Due to his business in Portsmouth failing, Peter brings Simon to Weatherfield, seeking Ken and Deirdre's help but Ken suspects, correctly, that Peter plans to leave Simon with him. Peter changes his mind when he learns that Lucy had left her estate to him, providing that he used it for Simon's benefit. He buys the local bookmakers and renames it "Barlow's Bookies". Peter begins a relationship with Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson). Peter and Leanne decide to open a bar, but Ken is hesitant about the venture because of Peter's alcoholism. On the opening night of the bar, Peter falls off the wagon and gets drunk and is forced to go to rehab. Peter and Leanne get engaged, but Peter feels threatened by the return of Leanne's former husband, Nick Tilsley (Ben Price), until Leanne convinces him that Nick is just a friend. Nick decides to open the bar and offers Leanne a job as bar manager. Feeling guilty for ruining her previous venture, Peter persuades her to take the job and starts mentoring Leanne's friend, Carla Connor (Alison King), when he realizes that she also has a drink problem. Carla begins to lean on Peter emotionally for support and she later attempts to seduce him. Peter then tells Carla that he cannot see her any more.
Peter celebrates his stag party in his and Leanne's former bar, The Joinery, owned by Nick in December 2010. The premises is destroyed by an explosion caused by a problem with the gas supply. Following the explosion, a tram derails and crashes into the street. The bar is destroyed and Peter is trapped inside. Peter is rushed to hospital with crush injuries to his legs and trauma to his lower back and chest, and suffers a cardiac tamponade. Aware that he is unlikely to survive, he marries Leanne in his hospital bed and goes into cardiac arrest moments after the ceremony has concluded, he survives and leaves hospital in a wheelchair.
Peter supports Carla again after her mother dies, and this makes Leanne, who knows about Carla's feelings for Peter, feel insecure and causes several arguments between the two women. Carla is subsequently raped by Frank Foster and Peter lends much emotional support, to the annoyance of Leanne. Peter begins drinking again and goes to Carla's flat, telling her that she was the woman he loved and that he would leave Leanne for her. He and Carla sleep together that night and an affair begins. Leanne finds out about the affair but offers to forgive him and try to work on their marriage but Peter tells her that he loves Carla. Leanne leaves in a taxi with a tearful Simon running after the car, begging her to stay. Simon then starts misbehaving with Peter as he blames him and Carla for Leanne's departure. When Leanne returns she fights Peter for custody of Simon and Leanne eventually wins a residency order, at the same time reconciling with Nick. Peter and Carla later get engaged.
Peter begins an affair with Tina McIntyre (Michelle Keegan). Carla later finds out that she is pregnant and confides in Michelle Connor (Kym Marsh) that she isn't ready to be a mother. She almost has a termination but cannot go through with it. Carla informs Peter that she is pregnant, and on the same day Tina also tells Peter that she might be pregnant. Tina's pregnancy scare is later discovered to be a false alarm and Peter vows to stand by Carla and raise their child. Tina asks Peter to move away with her to a new life away from Weatherfield. Peter initially agrees, but after realizing how much he loved Carla, he decides to stay in Weatherfield. Upset and angry, Tina threatens to tell Carla about their affair and viciously attacks Peter scratching him on the face. Peter leaves and decides to come clean to Carla about the affair before Tina can tell her. He tells her in the Rovers back room and Carla is devastated by his betrayal. At the same time, Carla's brother Rob Donovan (Marc Baylis) visits Tina and begs her not to tell Carla about the affair but Tina refuses and following a confrontation, falls from the balcony of the builder's yard. When she comes round and threatens Rob, he attacks her with a metal pipe. Peter is devastated when Tina is found seriously injured and hospitalized. Carla throws him out the following day, and he is questioned by the police over Tina's attack. He denies being responsible and is released on bail. Tina later dies of her injuries and Peter finds out when he comes into the pub drunk and begs Carla for another chance. She gives him a bottle of wine and tells him to drink himself to death. Carla later suffers a miscarriage and Rob swears revenge on Peter, blaming him for everything.
The Street turns on Peter in the aftermath of Tina's death, with everyone believing him to be responsible for her murder. A bracelet belonging to Steph Britton (Tisha Merry) that Rob had stolen from the flat to make it look like a burglary, is discovered in the Barlows' garden shed where Rob had accidentally dropped it. Peter is arrested after his fingerprints are discovered on the bracelet, after he had moved it in the kitchen. Peter is charged with Tina's murder and remanded in custody. In prison, Peter discovers that Jim McDonald (Charles Lawson), who is serving a sentence in the same prison for armed robbery, is operating a booze smuggling venture. Peter later finds Jim's stash and drinks it all and is hospitalized. When he regains consciousness he asks to see Carla and she comes to visit him. Thinking he is going to die, Peter tells Carla that he believes that she killed Tina and that he will take the blame for her and take her secret to the grave. Carla then realizes that Peter is innocent if he genuinely believed her to be guilty. Peter recovers and goes on trial. Whilst giving evidence, Carla tells the court that she believes that Peter is innocent. Despite this, Peter is found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of fifteen years before he can apply for parole. Carla eventually discovers that Rob is the killer and reports him to the police. He is arrested and Peter is released from prison with his conviction overturned. He begs Carla for another chance but she refuses, Peter decides to leave Weatherfield and move back to Portsmouth and Simon begs him not to go but Peter convinces him that it is for the best. Peter briefly returned to attend Deirdre's funeral and briefly sees his ex-wife Carla before leaving once again.
Peter arrived back on the street, which surprises Ken and Tracy. However, when Ken becomes suspicious about his real intentions for returning, an almighty argument ensues between the pair, resulting in Ken suffering a severe stroke. Peter informs the doctors of the argument and worries that this may have contributed to Ken's stroke, however he is assured that the stroke occurred due to Ken's age. He is adamant for Tracy not to find out, however she does so when the nurse informs the Barlows of Ken's progress, and so Tracy orders Peter to leave Weatherfield.
In 2017 Peter buys The Rovers Return from Jim's son Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson) and his mother Liz McDonald (Beverly Callard) after Steve is ordered to sell as part of Michelle's divorce settlement, thus making him the 12th Landlord and Toyah the 8th Landlady since the show's inception and bringing an end to The McDonald's on/off 11 year reign at The Rovers. He later discovered his half-brother Daniel was the one who pushed Ken and disowned him along with his adoptive sister Tracy and nephew Adam.
Creation[edit]
Casting[edit]
Robert Heanue was the first actor to portray the character from 1965 to 1970. Chris Dormer played the role from 1970 to 1972 when the 7-year-old actor was written out of the soap due to his parents' emigration to Canada. He did not continue to act and reflected on his time as the young Peter in 2001, "I really enjoyed the Street. I remember Pat Phoenix and Julie Goodyear kissing and tickling me because they thought I was cute. Most of the actors were nice, but some weren't. Violet Carson, who played Ena Sharples, was very grumpy. She didn't like children and really scared me." On-screen Peter and his sister Susan were written out of the soap to live with their grandparents when their mother Valerie Barlow was killed off.[4]
One of the seven actors who has portrayed the character is Linus Roache, the real-life son of William Roache who portrays Peter's father, Ken Barlow in the programme. Linus returned to the show in 2010, playing Lawrence Cunningham, another son of Ken Barlow.
Characterisation[edit]
Upon the character's return to the show in October 2008, Chris Gascoyne spoke of his character's destructive personality in an interview with Digital Spy, he stated, "He's been trying against the odds to sort his life out, but he can't. And when it doesn't work and it all goes wrong for him, he has a drink. There are hurdles in his way all the time. He's stubborn and resents people telling him what to do. He'll listen to advice, but he won't take any notice if he thinks the person giving it isn't in a place to do so. That happens a lot with Ken."[5]
Development[edit]
Leanne Battersby[edit]
In October 2008, The Sun reported that Peter would begin a relationship with Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson).[6] Peter returns to Weatherfield with his recently discovered son, Simon Barlow (Alex Bain), and Leanne helps Peter as he struggles with fatherhood.[6] Leanne is still "reeling" after her ex-boyfriend, Dan, ends their relationship.[6] Peter returns to Weatherfield a "broken man" and finds fatherhood difficult.[6] He does not receive the "warmest reception from the locals".[6] Discussing Leanne and Peter's relationship, an insider revealed: "When everyone else turns away from Peter, Leanne is there for him. She doesn't judge him and she listens to his problems."[6] Simon also likes Leanne.[6] The insider said that "Leanne and Peter's problems bring them together — but it's not long before their colourful pasts are tearing them apart."[6] Gascoyne told Digital Spy that Peter has not thought about how his relationship with Leanne is progressing.[7] Gascoyne explained that Peter is taking it "step by step", saying "Peter knows that Leanne gets on really well with Simon and I think Peter's nicely surprised by that. Leanne kind of has the upper hand on him and in a strange way, Leanne's a moral voice."[7]
In December 2008, Gascoyne revealed that an upcoming storyline would see Peter enter a rehabilitation facility for his alcohol dependence.[7] When Peter returns from rehab, Danson said that Leanne is "thrilled" to see him.[8] Leanne tells Peter's family that she is going to reconcile with him rather than accept a job offer from her friends in Leeds.[8] However, a woman named Christina (Sarah-Jayne Steed) arrives and claims that she met Peter on her father's yacht recently and decided to visit him.[8] Leanne discovers that Peter left rehab early and she decides to leave.[8] Of the situation, Danson said "Leanne's been taken for a real mug. She has to decide whether to give Peter a second chance."[8] The story arc was implemented to facilitate Danson's temporary departure from the show to take maternity leave.[9] Digital Spy reported that Leanne becomes "fed up" with Peter taking her for granted and finds employment in a restaurant in Leeds.[9] Peter attempts to prevent Leanne from leaving by getting Simon to beg her to stay.[9] Despite this, Leanne leaves for Leeds.[9] Leanne's departure was broadcast on 9 March 2009.[9] Leanne made her full-time return on 11 September 2009 when Peter finds her in Leeds. Peter and Leanne later reunite their relationship.[10]
After Peter becomes disabled, Gascoyne said that Peter will be unable to be a proper husband to Leanne.[11] Leanne and Peter's wedding day is coming closer, and Leanne is still having an affair with Nick.[12] When asked to sum up Peter and Leanne's twelve months of marriage, Gascoyne said: "It's been very rocky to say the least. There was the stuff with Nick, Peter was very ill and had to get back on his feet, and there was all the guilt of Ashley dying, so it started off badly and carried on badly. And Peter says he's forgiven Leanne for Nick, but in his heart, it still niggles him." Danson said: "It's not been the best, has it! They had the blessing, where Peter found out about Nick, and then her mother turned up and they argued over that, then she got pregnant and had about half an episode of happiness, and then she lost her baby. And in the middle of all this, Carla's been hovering in the wings..."[13] It was announced in September 2010 that Peter's father, Ken, will catch Leanne in bed with Nick.[14] An insider commented: "Leanne is wracked with guilt over the affair," a source told the paper. "She loves Peter, she loves his son Simon and they've been through a lot together – but Nick was her first love and she never got over that."[14] It was later revealed that Peter will find out from his sister Tracy Barlow (Kate Ford) that Leanne is sleeping with Nick.[15]
Alcoholism[edit]
In an interview with ITV Chris Gascoyne said, "Drink is becoming an issue and his self-esteem is low. He can’t see a way out and he can’t imagine doing this for the rest of his life (fatherhood)."[1] During the storyline he described his character as being seen as a coward,[1] adding, "He has the potential to be a very good dad but at the minute he feels like everything is conspiring against him and he hasn’t got the confidence or the self-esteem to cope."
Carla Connor[edit]
In September 2010, it was reported that Carla Connor (Alison King) would fall for Peter. These events happened on screen in November 2010.[16] It was reported that the pair apparently grow closer as Peter helps Carla overcome her boozing and comes to her aid when she is arrested for drink driving. A source said: "Carla is feeling vulnerable and Peter is there," a source told the paper. "They soon become more than friends. He's stunned when she tells him she hasn't felt like this about anyone since Liam."[17] Asked what is attracting Carla to Peter, King replied: "In Peter she has found someone who understands what she is going through."[16] Carla's best friend Leanne (Jane Danson) who is in a relationship with Peter would tell Carla that she is in love with her ex-husband Nick Tilsley (Ben Price), "This storyline will really put the cat among the pigeons," the source added.
Alison King later told Inside Soap that she wants Carla's friendship with Peter to develop even further as he helps her to battle an alcohol addiction. King said: "I think she should definitely get her claws into Peter. They've got a nice friendship and some good banter going on. They're equals, and I think it's the first time Carla's felt that way with someone since Liam died. They could be a great coupling - but it would turn into a nightmare if they both fell off the wagon."[18]
Tina McIntyre[edit]
It was announced in September 2013 that Peter would begin an affair with Tina McIntyre (Michelle Keegan) following his marriage to Carla Connor (Alison King), and will go on until her exit in the summer of 2014.[1] Producer Stuart Blackburn told Inside Soap: "Tina's had a hideous old year with the surrogacy drama and losing Tommy - but she's no saint. She's capable of making mistakes and falling in love with the wrong person. She'll start a feud with Tracy and Rob, before falling into Peter's arms. Unfortunately for Tina, she'll find herself in a place where both Tracy and Carla have reasons to hate her!"[19] Speaking about the story, Gascoyne told TV Times: "Peter is really lustful for Tina. I think he almost sees a younger Carla in her. He found it really exciting when she put up a fight against Tracy. He admired her spirit and started to see her in a different light. Peter adores Carla, but he feels a bit neglected. He even tells Tina that, despite everything Carla has done for him, he's still not happy. Peter knows it's not a good idea to be around Tina, but he really doesn't want to stop seeing her." Gascoyne added: "Put it this way, Peter Barlow and a wedding is bound to spell disaster. It certainly won't be dull. Whatever happens, it will be brilliant. Peter's had a good go at weddings - this will be his fifth. That tells you something."[20] Michelle Keegan revealed that Tina's fling with Peter could be her most passionate relationship yet. Speaking to TV Times about the story, Keegan explained: "Peter had never been on Tina's radar, but suddenly she feels completely out of control. She's never felt like this about anyone before. She didn't really have a passionate relationship with Tommy, but she can see herself having one with Peter." She continued: "Tina is troubled by her feelings because she really likes Carla and she's not the sort of girl to do that to another woman. It's hard because she finds herself weakening whenever Peter is around. It gets to a point where Tina tells Peter that it might be best if she stops looking after Simon because she feels so out of control around him." As the story progresses, Tina begins to hope that Peter will not go through with his wedding to Carla. Keegan added: "If he does, I'm not sure Tina will enjoy sticking around to watch the marriage unfold. The thought of being 'the other woman' pains her."[21]
Departure (2014)[edit]
In December 2013, it was rumored that Gascoyne may take a break from the soap. Gascoyne said: "I've signed a new contract that takes me to August 2014 - and at this moment I don't know what will happen beyond then, Maybe I will take a break. The character loses something by being here all the time and being ordinary. I'd like to do other stuff. It's like anything - we can get stuck in one place, and that's not necessarily a bad place, but it's not always good for us, is it?" he went on to say: ""I took a four-month sabbatical from the show last summer and spent some time at a Buddhist retreat - and that was a big changing point in my life," he added. "Peter can be a very negative character - and although the storylines were fantastic, I lost myself. Having that break made me realise I can do the same job and still be happy."[22] Gascoyne announced his exit in January 2014 and left in November 2014, he made a guest appearance in July 2015 for Deirdre's funeral
Reintroduction (2016)[edit]
In July 2016, it was confirmed that new executive producer Kate Oates would be reintroducing Peter, which again would be on a permanent basis. His half-brother, Daniel Osbourne, now portrayed Rob Mallard, was announced to also be returning, as well as his nephew, Adam Barlow, with Sam Robertson reprising his role.[23] Peter returned to the programme during the episode broadcast on 17 October 2016.
Reception[edit]
Ahead of the fire storyline in March 2009, the fire minister Sadiq Khan said: "I would like to thank Coronation Street for highlighting this very important issue. Peter Barlow's actions show how dangerous it is to go to sleep while smoking, putting not only his but his son Simon's life at risk too".[24] The episode in which the fire was screened drew in 10.3 million viewers (42.6% audience share) in March 2009.[25]
In February 2011, Gascoyne was nominated for Best Actor at the 2011 All About Soap Bubbles Awards for his portrayal of Peter.[26] He was nominated in the category of "Best Actor" at the 2011 British Soap Awards.[27] In 2014, Gascoyne has been nominated for "Sexiest Male", "Villain of the Year" and "Best Actor" at The British Soap Awards
Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap said that Peter was great to watch when he is with Carla. She also opined that the pair are "like a car crash waiting to happen".[28]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Webmaster (22 October 2008). "Coronation Street News - Peter Barlow". ITV. Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
Jump up ^ Kilkelly, Daniel (11 January 2014). "Coronation Street producer on Tony story: 'He's a man with an edge'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Brown, David (23 April 2015). "Coronation Street star Chris Gascoyne to return as Peter Barlow for Deirdre's funeral". Radio Times. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "The soaps' lost children; HOW YOUNG STARS COPED WHEN AXE FELL ON FAME". The Mirror. 2001-05-02. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
Jump up ^ Kris Green (16 December 2008). "Chris Gascoyne (Peter Barlow, Corrie)". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Blackburn, Jen (29 October 2008). "Love blossoms for Corrie tart and bigamist". The Sun. Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Green, Kris (16 December 2008). "Bonus Scoop: Corrie's Peter Barlow". Digital Spy. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hyland, Karen (28 February 2009). "Coming up in Corrie". The Sun. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Green, Kris (1 March 2009). "Jane and Masood, Lydia's lamped and Leanne leaves". Digital Spy. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Green, Kris (16 September 2009). "Soap Insight: Corrie's Leanne and Peter reunite?". Digital Spy. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Careful, Peter. Nick will stop at nothing..." What's on TV. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Leanne's affair endangers loves – and lives!". What's on TV. 25 November 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Corrie's Jane and Chris survey their 'rocky' year". What's on TV. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Love, Ryan (15 September 2010). "Corrie's Ken Barlow 'catches pair in bed'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Daniels, Colin (9 January 2011). "Peter Barlow to discover Leanne's affair?". Digital Spy. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Corrie's Alison: Peter knows what makes Carla tick". What's on TV. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Corrie's Carla 'falls for Peter Barlow'
Jump up ^ Alison King: 'Carla should be with Peter'
Jump up ^ 'Coronation Street' boss confirms Tina's shock fling: 'She's no saint'
Jump up ^ 'Coronation Street' Chris Gascoyne: 'Peter is lustful for Tina'
Jump up ^ 'Coronation Street' Michelle Keegan: 'Tina will be out of control'
Jump up ^ Coronation Street's Chris Gascoyne: 'I might take break from the show'
Jump up ^ Coronation Street is bringing back Peter Barlow... and two other members of the family
Jump up ^ Sadiq Khan (27 March 2009). "Fire Minister Thanks Coronation Street for Highlighting Dangers of Fire". Manchesterfire.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
Jump up ^ Kris Green (31 March 2009). "Soaps Ratings Roundup: March 30". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
Jump up ^ Kilkelly, Daniel (13 February 2011). "In Full: All About Soap Bubble nominations". Digital Spy. London: Hachette Filipacchi UK. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Kilkelly, Daniel (7 March 2011). "British Soap Awards 2011 voting opens". Digital Spy. Hachette Filipacchi UK. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-07.
Jump up ^ Ellis, Sarah (18–24 February 2012). "Soapbox". Inside Soap. Hearst Magazines UK (7): 97.
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Kennedy half dollar
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Kennedy half dollar
United States
Value
50 cents (.50 US dollar)
Mass
Copper-nickel clad: 11.34 g
40% silver clad: 11.50 g
90% silver: 12.50 g
2014 gold: 23.33 g
Diameter
30.6 mm
Thickness
2.15 mm
Edge
reeded
Composition
1964, silver proofs 1992–present: 90% silver, 10% copper.
1965–1970, some 1776–1976 San Francisco-minted coins: outer layer of 80% silver, 20% copper surrounding core of 79% copper, 21% silver, totaling 60% copper, 40% silver.
Circulation strikes, 1971 to present: outer layer of 75% copper, 25% nickel surrounding core of 100% copper.
2014 gold issue 99.99% gold.
Gold
(2014 commemorative) .75 troy oz
Silver
Circulation strikes since 1971 contain no silver. For 90% silver issues: 0.36169 troy ounces. For 40% silver issues: 0.1479 troy oz
Years of minting
1964–present
Mint marks
P, D, S, W. "W" mint mark only on 2014 commemorative issue. Mint mark located beneath where the eagle's claws grasp the olive branch on reverse for 1964 coins and for 1964-2014-W gold issue; above the date on the obverse for all other issues. Mint mark omitted on all coins from 1965 to 1967 and on Philadelphia Mint issues before 1980.
Obverse
Design
Left profile of John F. Kennedy
Designer
Gilroy Roberts
Design date
1964 to present
Reverse
Design
Modified presidential seal
Designer
Frank Gasparro
Design date
1964 to present, excepting 1975 and 1976
Design
Independence Hall
Designer
Seth G. Huntington
Design date
1975 and 1976 (dated 1776–1976)
The Kennedy half dollar, first minted in 1964, is a fifty-cent coin currently issued by the United States Mint. Intended as a memorial to the assassinated President John F. Kennedy, it was authorized by Congress just over a month after his death. Use of existing works by Mint sculptors Gilroy Roberts and Frank Gasparro allowed dies to be prepared quickly, and striking of the new coins began in January 1964.
The silver coins were hoarded upon their release in March 1964 by collectors and those interested in a memento of the late president. Although the Mint greatly increased production, the denomination was seldom seen in circulation. Continued rises in the price of silver increased the hoarding—many early Kennedy half dollars have been melted for their silver content. Starting with 1965-dated pieces, the percentage of fine silver was reduced from 90% to 40% (silver clad), but even with this change the coin saw little circulation.
In 1971, when silver was eliminated entirely from the coins and production increased, the series began to see improved, but still limited circulation. A special design for the reverse of the half dollar was issued for the United States Bicentennial and was struck in 1975 and 1976. In addition to business strikes, special collector coins were struck for the Bicentennial in silver clad; silver proof sets in which the dime, quarter and half dollar were struck in 90% silver were first minted in 1992. In 2014 a special edition of the Kennedy half dollar was also struck in 99.99% gold.
Even though ample supplies of circulating half dollars are readily available from most banks, their circulation is still limited. Since 2002, Kennedy half dollars have only been struck to satisfy the demand from collectors, and are available at a premium through the Mint.
Contents
1 Inception
2 Release
2.1 Initial popularity
2.2 Switch to base metal
2.3 End of striking for circulation
3 Collecting
4 See also
5 References
6 Bibliography
Inception[edit]
Gilroy Roberts' obverse (top) and Frank Gasparro's reverse (bottom) of the John F. Kennedy Presidential series medal served as the basis for the designs of the Kennedy half dollar.
Within hours of the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, Mint Director Eva Adams called Chief Engraver Gilroy Roberts, informing him that serious consideration was already being given to depicting Kennedy on one of the larger silver coins: either the silver dollar, half dollar, or quarter dollar. Adams called Roberts again on November 27 and authorized the project, stating that the late president's widow, Jacqueline Kennedy preferred that he be depicted on the half dollar,[1] replacing the previous design of Benjamin Franklin.[2] Mrs. Kennedy's reasoning was that she did not want to replace George Washington on the quarter.[1][3]
In the interest of time (the striking of the new coin was to begin in January 1964), Roberts modified the existing bust of Kennedy he had created for use on the Kennedy medal in the Mint's Presidential series, while Frank Gasparro began modifications to the reverse he had created for the same medal.[1] Both Roberts' and Gasparro's designs had been approved by Kennedy.[1] Roberts had met with Kennedy in person to show him early models of the design; although the President expressed no opinion regarding the depiction, Roberts decided to make some changes after meeting him.[4] After the Mint produced trial strikes, Jacqueline and Robert Kennedy were invited to view them.[1] Mrs. Kennedy viewed the designs favorably, but suggested that the hair be altered slightly.[1] It was also suggested that a full or half figure of the president be used instead of the profile, but Roberts noted that there was not enough time to produce an entirely new design because of the project's time constraints, and also that he believed the left profile would give a more attractive appearance.[1]
Frank Gasparro's obverse (top) and reverse (bottom) of the 1962 President John F. Kennedy appreciation medal
Frank Gasparro's reverse design of the Kennedy half dollar was also influenced by the experience he gained from designing the President John. F. Kennedy appreciation medal. In 1962, President Kennedy had three hundred appreciation medals struck by the United States Mint in Philadelphia that were later presented during his June 23, 1963 through July 2, 1963 trip to the nations of Federal Republic of Germany, Germany (West Berlin), Ireland, United Kingdom, Italy, and the Vatican City State. [5] The reverse design of the Kennedy appreciation medal depicts a larger and more detailed Presidential Seal than the one he designed on the Mint's Presidential series (Bureau of the Mint Presidential series stock medal #135 known as the John F. Kennedy Presidential inauguration medal). Gasparro's placement of his initials FG is also similarly located (under the right leg of the eagle) on both the Kennedy appreciation medal and Kennedy half dollar.
Congressional approval was required for any design change within 25 years of the last.[2] In early December, Representative Henry Gonzalez (Democrat-Texas) introduced a bill for Kennedy to appear on the half dollar.[6] On December 10, the new President, Lyndon Johnson, endorsed the call for a Kennedy half dollar, asking Congress to pass the legislation promptly to allow striking of the new piece to begin early in 1964. President Johnson stated that he had been moved by letters from many members of the public to agree with the plan.[7] The bill to authorize the Kennedy half dollar passed on December 30, 1963.[8] Work was already underway on coinage dies; the use of the already-available designs allowed for the completion of the first dies on January 2, 1964.[3] Only proof coins were initially struck.[9] The first Kennedy half dollars intended for circulation were struck at the Denver Mint on January 30, 1964, followed by the Philadelphia Mint the next week.[1] A ceremonial first strike was held at both Philadelphia and Denver on February 11, 1964.[10]
Release[edit]
Mint Director Eva Adams, seen here on her medal (designed by Gasparro) was instrumental in the issuance of the Kennedy half dollar.
For further information on the coin shortages of the 1960s, see Coinage Act of 1965 § Coin shortage.
Initial popularity[edit]
The Treasury Department made the coins available to the public beginning on March 24, 1964. A line a block long formed at the department's windows in Washington to purchase the 70,000 coins initially allocated for public sale. Although the department limited sales to 40 per customer, by the end of the day, the coins were gone, but the line had not shortened. Banks in Boston and Philadelphia quickly rationed supplies, but still sold out by noon. Sales in New York did not begin until the following day, and rationing was imposed there as well, to the disgruntlement of the head of the coin department at Gimbels, the largest dealer in the city, which had hoped to sell the coins at a premium.[11]
The coins were popular overseas as well. U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs G. Mennen Williams distributed plastic-encased specimens to presidents and foreign ministers of African nations and to the U.S. ambassadors serving there "to win friends for the United States in Africa".[12] Shortly after the coin's release, the Denver Mint began receiving complaints that the new coin depicted a hammer and sickle on the bottom of Kennedy's truncated bust.[13] In response, Roberts stated that the portion of the design in question was actually his monogram, a stylized "GR".[13]
The Mint struck Kennedy half dollars in large numbers in an attempt to meet the overwhelming demand. The Treasury had initially planned to issue 91 million half dollars for 1964, but raised the number to 141 million. However, a public announcement of the increase failed to cause more coins to actually circulate or to decrease the prices on the secondary market.[14] By late November, the Mint had struck approximately 160 million pieces, yet the coin was almost never seen in circulation. Silver prices were rising, and the majority of the coins were being hoarded.[15] Hopeful that issuing more 1964-dated coins would counter the speculation in them, the Treasury requested[14] and received Congressional authorization to continue striking 1964-dated coins into 1965.[16] Eventually, almost 430 million half dollars dated 1964 were struck, a sum greater than the total struck for circulation in the sixteen years of the Franklin half dollar series.[3]
These minting operations were rapidly depleting the Treasury's stock of silver. Prices for the metal were rising to such an extent that, by early June, a dime contained 9.33 cents' worth of silver at market prices. On June 3, 1965, President Johnson announced plans to eliminate silver from the dime and quarter in favor of a clad sandwich with layers of copper-nickel on each side of a layer of pure copper. The half dollar was changed from 90% silver to 40%.[17] Congress passed the Coinage Act of 1965 in July.[18] The new half dollars retained their silvery appearance, due to the outer layer being 80% silver and 20% copper. The coin was also minted with an inner layer of 21% silver and 79% copper. The first clad half dollars were struck at the Denver Mint on December 30, 1965. They bore the date 1965; the date would not be changed for US coins until the coin shortage was eased.[19] Beginning on August 1, 1966, the Mint began to strike 1966-dated pieces, and thereafter it resumed the normal practice of striking the current year's date on each piece. Despite the proclaimed end to the coin shortage,[20] Kennedy half dollars circulated little, a scarcity caused by continued hoarding and a dip in production, with the Treasury reluctant to expend more of the nation's silver holdings on a coin which did not circulate.[21] According to coin dealer and numismatic author Q. David Bowers,
"Where the hundreds of millions of them went remains somewhat of a mystery today. In the meantime, Washington quarters, the same design used since 1932, became the highest value coin of the realm, in terms of circulation use. These were particularly popular for vending machines, arcade games, and the like. Today, this continues to be the case, and Kennedy half dollars as well as the later mini-dollar coins, are almost never encountered."[22]
Switch to base metal[edit]
For further information on the circulating commemorative quarters, half dollars and dollars struck in 1975–1976, see United States Bicentennial coinage.
In May 1969, the Treasury sought authorization to eliminate the half dollar's silver content, changing it to the same copper-nickel clad composition as the dime and quarter. The Treasury also sought approval to strike base-metal dollar coins, which would fill a need for gaming tokens in Western casinos. Former president Dwight D. Eisenhower had died recently, and there was discussion of placing Eisenhower's likeness on the dollar. The Treasury hoped that with the removal of the silver content, the coin would cease to be hoarded and again circulate.[23] Despite the support of President Richard Nixon, some Republicans in the House of Representatives initially scuttled the legislation,[24] disliking the idea of depicting Eisenhower on a base metal coin. The dispute dragged on for over a year before President Nixon signed a bill on December 31, 1970 which authorized production of the Eisenhower dollar and eliminated the remaining 40% silver from the half dollar.[25] As a result of the delay, in 1970 non-proof half dollars were only minted in Denver and were available solely in mint sets. With a mintage of 2.1 million, the 1970-D Kennedy half is considered the "key" coin in the series, although enough were produced to keep prices modest. The Mint did not announce that 1970 half dollars would not be struck for circulation until after mint set ordering had closed.[26]
By the time silver was eliminated from the half dollar, it had been out of circulation for so long that some banks had eliminated the slot for the denomination from machines. The Mint anticipated a significant comeback for the denomination,[27] but in July 1971, Mint Director Mary Brooks disclosed that the Treasury was holding 200 million of the new base metal half dollars, as commercial banks expressed little interest in ordering them. "I can't understand the population. They're not using them."[28] According to Brooks, most of the over one billion Kennedy half dollars containing silver had been hoarded by the public. Brooks theorized that because the silver Kennedy half dollar never circulated much and few half dollars were struck in 1970 in anticipation of the authorization to eliminate silver, the public had become accustomed to not seeing the half dollar in trade. Brooks suggested, "If the country knew there were plenty of them around, they'd probably start hoarding them, too."[28] By the mid 1970s, usage of the half dollar did increase, but the major comeback projected by the mint, never really materialized. On March 5, 1973, Brooks announced that the Mint would be soliciting new reverse designs for the half dollar and dollar to commemorate the 1976 United States Bicentennial.[29] On October 18, President Nixon signed Public Law 93-127, which provided for new reverse designs for the quarter, half dollar, and dollar. The designs were to be emblematic of the Bicentennial era. The Mint announced a competition open to all American sculptors.[30] Seth G. Huntington's design depicting Independence Hall was selected for the half dollar.[31] All half dollars struck in 1975 and 1976 bore the double date 1776–1976 on the obverse and Huntington's design on the reverse.[32] Over 521 million Bicentennial half dollars were struck for circulation.[33]
Following the high mintage of the Bicentennial piece, the number of pieces struck per year declined. However, in 1979, Mint Director Stella B. Hackel indicated that the Mint would continue to strike them. "We really don't think many half dollars are being used in commerce. They do go somewhere, though, so someone must want them."[34] By then, more than 2.5 billion Kennedy half dollars had been struck, more than all previously struck half dollars combined. The New York Times numismatic columnist Ed Reiter suggested that hoarding had continued even into the base-metal era, accounting for the shortage of pieces in commerce.[34] 1979-80 saw the destruction of many 1964-69 silver Kennedy half dollars, as record high silver prices caused extensive melting of silver coins for their metal content.[35]
End of striking for circulation[edit]
The coin continued to be struck through the remainder of the twentieth century, and mintage numbers remained relatively steady in both the Philadelphia and Denver mints[36] until 1987, a year in which no half dollars were struck for circulation; the Treasury had accumulated a two-year supply of the pieces, making further production unnecessary.[37] Demand for half dollars dropped, and casinos (where they were commonly used) increasingly began producing fifty cent chips to use in place of the coins.[38] With mintage numbers remaining low,[36] beginning in 2002, the Kennedy half dollar ceased to be struck for general circulation. Rolls and bags of the current year's pieces may be purchased from the Mint, at a premium above face value.[35]
People line up to buy the new gold Kennedy half dollar, August 2014
In January 2014, a private firm, on behalf of the Mint, began surveying customers on possible options for a special issue of the half dollar in commemoration of its 50th anniversary.[39] In June, the Mint announced plans to issue seven special 2014 Kennedy half dollars in commemoration of the series' fiftieth anniversary: two in clad, from Philadelphia and Denver, four in silver from Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and the West Point Mint, and one in .9999 gold, from West Point. The clad and silver versions bear the normal date; the gold coin has the double date 1964–2014. All have higher relief than the usual issues.[40] The gold coins were released in conjunction with the American Numismatic Association convention in Rosemont, Illinois on August 5, 2014.[41]
Collecting[edit]
A close-up image detailing the heavily accented hairlines present on early Kennedy half dollar proof issues
With the exception of 1965 through 1967, proofs have been struck each year in the same metallic composition as regular issue pieces.[42] The first Kennedy half dollar proofs were struck in early January 1964. Early strikes depicted Kennedy with heavily accented hair; an estimated 100,000 coins were struck with this feature. This was altered for the remainder of the mintage of nearly four million proof coins.[43] Due to the coin shortage, the Treasury Department announced that no proof sets would be struck in 1965.[9] Instead, Special Mint Sets would be struck to satisfy collector demand. Coins for these sets, minted at the San Francisco Assay Office, were struck with no mint marks early in 1966 with heavily polished dies dated 1965.[9] Similar sets bearing the dates 1966 and 1967 were also struck.[44] A few of the 1966 halves from the Special Mint Sets are known with Gasparro's initials "FG" missing from the reverse, apparently because of an overpolished die.[45] The first year's production was sold in soft plastic packaging; the 1966 and 1967 issues were sonically sealed in hard plastic cases.[44] In 1968, regular proof coinage was resumed,[46] although production of proof coins was shifted to San Francisco, the "S" mintmark added and sets were encapsulated in hard plastic.[43]
In 1973, Congress authorized silver-clad collector versions of the Bicentennial coins; in April 1975, the Mint began to strike them.[42] The coins were issued in both proof and uncirculated quality. Copper-nickel clad Bicentennial coins were placed in both the 1975 and 1976 proof sets, while their silver clad counterparts were sold in three coin sets.[47] Since 1992, the Mint has struck Kennedy half dollars in 90% silver for inclusion in special silver proof sets. 1964 proofs were struck in Philadelphia, and since 1968, proof coins have been struck in San Francisco only.[48] In 1998, some silver proof pieces were struck to a matte finish for inclusion in a set along with a Robert Kennedy commemorative silver dollar.[49] From 2005–2010, uncirculated pieces included in mint sets received a matte finish, which differentiates them from the pieces sold in bags and rolls.[35]
See also[edit]
Numismatics portal
Coins of the United States dollar
Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy
Kennedy half dollar mintage figures
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Reminiscences on the Creation of the Kennedy Half Dollar" (PDF). United States Department of the Treasury. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Bardes, Herbert C. (December 15, 1963). "Kennedy solution: The regular half-dollar early production". The New York Times. p. 144, Arts & Leisure. Retrieved February 24, 2011. (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b c Tomaska 2011, p. 138.
Jump up ^ Tebben, Gerald (July 18, 2014). "50 years later: John F. Kennedy half dollar a coin born from tragedy". Coin World. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gomez, p. 75.
Jump up ^ Bardes, Herbert C. (December 8, 1963). "Kennedy issues sought". The New York Times. p. 203, Arts & Leisure. Retrieved February 24, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Hunter, Marjorie (December 11, 1963). "Coin up to Congress". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved February 24, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Taxay 1983, p. 380.
^ Jump up to: a b c Raspus, Ginger (February 17, 2010). "Special Mint Set Product of 1960s". NumisMaster. Numismatic News. Archived from the original on February 25, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bardes, Herbert C. (February 16, 1964). "'Last word' is issued on Kennedy halves". The New York Times. p. X21. Retrieved February 28, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Raymont (March 25, 1964). "City banks ration Kennedy 50c coin". The New York Times. p. 38. Retrieved February 24, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "Kennedy coins for Africans". The New York Times. April 8, 1964. Retrieved July 11, 2012. (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b "People: Apr. 17, 1964". Time. April 17, 1964. Retrieved March 3, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Bardes, Herbert C. (July 19, 1964). "Uncertainties follow Treasury proposals". The New York Times. p. X17. Retrieved February 25, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Bardes, Herbert C. (November 22, 1964). "Turmoil in the Capital". The New York Times. p. X26. Retrieved February 25, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Bardes, Herbert C. (September 13, 1964). "Treasury to go ahead on '64 date freeze". The New York Times. p. X32. Retrieved February 25, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Dale, Edwin L. Jr. (June 4, 1965). "President asks quarters and dimes without silver". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "Coin bill approved by Senate and sent to the White House". The New York Times. AP. July 15, 1965. p. 1. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "Minting of New Half Dollar To Begin Today in Denver - Article - NYTimes.com" (PDF). The New York Times. December 30, 1965. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Bardes, Herbert C. (July 17, 1966). "1966 date begins Aug. 1" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 96. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "The half-dollar growing scarcer". The New York Times. February 9, 1969. p. 92. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Tomaska 2011, p. vi.
Jump up ^ "End of silver use in U.S. coins urged". The Press–Courier. Oxnard, California. United Press International. May 13, 1969. p. 6. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Robert A. (October 7, 1969). "Ike Dollar Plan Halted". Waycross Journal-Herald. Waycross, Georgia. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Haney, Thomas V. (January 24, 1971). "Ike dollar to be last silver coin". The New York Times. p. D29. Retrieved February 25, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Green, Paul M. (October 4, 2010). "1970-D Kennedy remains volatile". Numismatic News. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "New silverless dollar; half dollar to return". The Free Lance–Star. Fredericksburg, Virginia. December 15, 1971. p. 4. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Neikirk, Bill (July 28, 1971). "Half dollars gathering dust". Kentucky New Era. Hopkinsville, Kentucky. Associated Press. p. 13. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Coins to get new look for 1976 celebration". The New York Times. March 5, 1973. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "Timeline of the United States Mint". United States Mint. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bardes, Herbert C. (August 25, 1974). "Bicentennial coins make debut". The New York Times. p. 26, Arts & Leisure. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Tomaska 2011, pp. 155–156.
Jump up ^ Tomaska 2011, p. 270.
^ Jump up to: a b Reiter, Ed (August 19, 1979). "Kennedy half dollars are still in demand". The New York Times. p. D35, Arts & Leisure. Retrieved February 26, 2011. (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b c "Kennedy half dollar instantly popular with collectors". Coin World. Archived from the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Tomaska 2011, pp. 270–271.
Jump up ^ Richterman, Anita (June 23, 1987). "Problem line". Newsday. p. 21. Retrieved February 27, 2011. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Lange 2006, p. 174.
Jump up ^ Gilkes, Paul (February 24, 2014). "Gold Kennedy half dollar in collectors' future?". Coin World. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gilkes, Paul (June 11, 2014). "United States Mint planning to release seven 50th anniversary Kennedy half dollars in 2014". Coin World. Archived from the original on June 16, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ Roach, Steve (August 5, 2014). "Lots of winners for new 1964—2014 gold Kennedy half dollar". Coin World. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "First Strikes Celebrate the Bicentennial press release" (PDF). United States Mint. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Tomaska 2011, p. 248.
^ Jump up to: a b Yeoman 2014, pp. 353–354.
Jump up ^ Tomaska 2011, p. 244.
Jump up ^ Yeoman 2014, pp. 348–351.
Jump up ^ Yeoman 2014, pp. 212–213.
Jump up ^ Yeoman 2014, pp. 212–214.
Jump up ^ Sanders, Mitch (September 2007). "Collecting Kennedy Halves" (PDF). The Numismatist: 114. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 23, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
Bibliography[edit]
Lange, David W. (2006). History of the United States Mint and its Coinage. Atlanta: Whitman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7948-1972-9.
Gomez, Darryl A. (2015). Authoritative Numismatist Reference: Presidential Medal of Appreciation Award Medals 1958 - 1963. Charleston, SC: CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1511786744.
Taxay, Don (1983) [1966]. The U.S. Mint and Coinage (reprint ed.). New York: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. ISBN 978-0-915262-68-7.
Tomaska, Rick (2011). A Guide Book of Franklin & Kennedy Half Dollars. Atlanta: Whitman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7948-3243-8.
Yeoman, R.S. (2014). A Guide Book of United States Coins (68th ed.). Atlanta: Whitman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7948-4215-4.
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John F. Kennedy
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MV John F. Kennedy
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USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)
Yad Kennedy (Jerusalem)
Family
Jacqueline Bouvier (wife)
Caroline Kennedy (daughter)
John F. Kennedy Jr. (son)
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy (son)
Jack Schlossberg (grandson)
Rose Schlossberg (granddaughter)
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (father)
Rose Fitzgerald (mother)
Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (brother)
Rosemary Kennedy (sister)
Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (sister)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (sister)
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (sister)
Robert F. Kennedy (brother)
Jean Kennedy Smith (sister)
Ted Kennedy (brother)
P. J. Kennedy (grandfather)
John F. Fitzgerald (grandfather)
← Dwight D. Eisenhower
Lyndon B. Johnson →
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See also
Bicentennial coinage
Commemoratives
Early Commemoratives
Modern Commemoratives
Confederate dollar
Large denominations
Obsolete denominations
Promotional fake denominations
Counterfeit United States currency
Mill
Coin production
In God We Trust
E pluribus unum
Annuit cœptis
Nicknames
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kennedy_half_dollar&oldid=854308196"
Categories:
Coins of the United States
Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy
Currency introduced in 1964
1964 in the United States
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